Elastic-fluid hammer.



L. F. MASSEY'& W. H. SNOW. ELASTIG FLUID HAMMER. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 10, 1910.

1,087,799, Patented Feb. 17, 1914.

v v 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

0&2 I Zr L. P. MASSEY & W. H. snow.

ELASTIC FLUID HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 10, 19 10.

1,087,799. Patented Feb. 17,1914.

F/ a J 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

cially heav v tion of movement causing ITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEONARD FLETCHER MASSEY AND WILLIAM HENRY snow, or MANCHESTER,

ENGLAND;

ELASTIC-FLUID HAMMER.

Loewz'ae.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. '17, iota-J Application-filed .Tune'lO, 1910. Serial No. 566,193.

1 '0 all 107i om it may concern .Be it known that we,- LEONARD FLETCHER Missal"- "en ineer a sub'ectof the" Kin of.

the United 'Ki-ngdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and resident, ot'e llgerton road,' Fallowfielth- Manchester, -1n..the county 0t Lancaster, England, and Human HENRY Snow, draftsman with B. & S. Massey, 'of The Steam Hammer WorksflVilliam street,

()pcn shaw, .M ancliester aforesaid a subject of the-King of the United Kingdom of GreatBritain ai'idli'eland, and resident of 29 Scarsdale road,'-Victoria Park Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, England,

prove "the construction and control of suchhannners and to cause the motive iiuidto be used expansively ina simple way and with certainty, 'itho'ut at allcom'plicating the mcchanismof the hammers and further to facilitate the striking of light blows and especially of lightand rapidv blows and in cases where this is requisite to enable speworking fluid non-expansively.

The inventionis applicable tovertical, horizontal or inclined hammers worked by any elastic fluid, steam and compressed air being examples and both to hammers haw,

ing pistons moved to and fro along cylinders and to hammers with pistons made to turn toand'tro vanes in cylinders and there fore, since for 'coi'ivcnience this invention will be described in reference to a vertical hammer worked by compressed air, the ref erences in the claims in this 'speci-fication to upper and lower sides of pistons and upper and lower spaces, places and partsabove and below the piston are to be interpreted in the case both of pistons made to move to and fro along cylinders and pistons made to turn like vanes backward and forward in cylinders in the sense that lifted means moved away from the anvils and like parts and that the sides of pistons, spactsplaccs or parts aron1n)elj, I away t an and hu-ther tha'n others fromthe anvils and like parts and in the directhe rams to move from anvilsand like parts blows to be struck 'bv usiiw the and above if directed.

below if directed toward and nearer to the-anvils and like parts and in' the direc+ tion'of movement causing the rams to move toward .the anvils and like parts.

As described in reference to a verticalv hammer-worked by compressed air thefin: vention refers to the type of hammer in which the area under thepiston is consid-. erably smaller than the area above the piston and in which the supply of compressed a1r.1s' in constant communication with the lower end of the cylinder and therefore a'cts continuously'on the piston tendingtoiift the hammer and in which thehannner is v controlled by a dlstri'buting 'valve governing the admission to and the exhaust from the top of th e cylii' der.

The accompanying drawings illustrate one form of hammer made accordingto this invention and a variation in detail thereot'and .w1ll' serve. also to enable other modifications of this invention readily to be understbodi and carried intoj-efiect in hammers of'tho said iorniand in other forms of hammers.

Figure 1 is a .vertical section taken through the cylinder, valve;chest andairreservoir of' ono' hammer and parts therein showing the hammer sufiiciently for the illustration of this invention, some parts being shown inside elevation for ,clearness and convenience Fig. 2 is a vertical section corresponding to part of Fig. 1' but dra'wn upon a larger scale. Fig. is a vertical section similar in many respects to a portion of Fig. l but drawn upon a larger scale and illustrating a second-hammer. Fig; 4 is a horizontal section taken on the plane indicated by the line A A through the valve chamber shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. Cris a plan of part of the face of the cover at the lower end of the valve-chamber shown in F ig. 3 and a lever provided for turning the. spindle of the valve in such valve-chamber and held by such cover against partaking in, the -lengthw1se movement of such .sp1ndle-.-.

and lower and l the ram Z) forms a piston c and the lower 1 case illustrated, solid with the cylinder cover] 7 projects into it. The guide 6 and the surbelow the piston c. 5

face or faces of the rain I) in contact with v it may be so formed as to prevent the'rain b from twisting'while allowing it to move freely'up and down. F or example the guide form or with radial or'ot'her surfaces to work against corresponding surfaces 'on -the ram.

Fig. 6 shows'a gu de '6 of'circul'arw trans;-

veifse section with two has Fig. 7 shows gu de 6' of square section. 'Fig. 8 showsav guidewith iour circular parts of two differ ent radiiso as to be 'forni'edwith four radial.

surfaces. a L I v Compressed'airsupplied to the air-'r'esen voi'r'g through -the pipe, it entersl'freely through the-portifinto the bottom j of the cylinder 0; and-acts continuously on the under side of the piston c: tending to raise it.

."Wheri" the piston "c is in theupper party/t" of the cylinder athe'air passes from the'bot- 'tomij ofthe cylinder at through the portZ to" the distribut ng-valve???)which is shown as a tubular piston-valve having upperand lower collars a 0 and a central ring 0 to fit Ywithin the cylindrical valve-chamber tube 9.

The valve-spindle '1 connected to the distributing valve 01 by ineans of collars and fins runs the port Z and thus cuts oh the supply pipe a.

formed thereon servesas means for moving it. If the valve m is raised the airpasses on through the passages within the central ring 10 and through the port t to the top is of the cylinder a. Here it acts on the top of the piston 0. It is thus acting on theuppen and lower surfaces or the piston 0 but as the.

area of the upper surface is greater than that'of the lower the ram '5 s forced down. Asit descends the piston 0 passes or overof air to the distributing valve m. The a1r already admitted'to the top is of the cylinder (t therefore acts expansively for the rest of the stroke." If the valve m'be now lowered the top is of the cylinder (4 will be opened to the atmosphere through the port 6 and the The hammer will then rise. again under the influence of theconstant pressure in this manner a very sharp outwit-action is obtained which is very certain and must opratc' on all strokes.

' Light blows and particularly light and rapid blows may be given by the valve at being moved so as to allow only a slight admission of air to the upper part it of the cylinder (4 through the port t from the lower part 7' of the cylinder a and then quickly moved so as to close the passage through the port 6 or to open the port 6 to exhaust? 0 l Thiscausing the hftmg-force-tobe greater T+ WHY-rm c 97" n he piston c is 6 may be made square, rectangular, eruci-L fnication may; be I opened between 'in the lower half of the stroke no air can pass through the port Z to the distributing valye m-from the lower part of the cylininches or other distance. insuilicient to vallowconiniuni'cation of the port Z and the upperpart A; of the cylincler-'a "w'itli the lower part j of the cylinder a. To enablethis tobe done theyalve-chamber gis formed with a port (U g 1v1ng, d rect communlcation between vthe air-reservo r g and thevalvem and the valve m is formed with a port w by which commuthe air-reser'v'oirg and the passage tas lll stratedgthep 5114' eachffo'rined as two openings at opposite- "sides ofthe Valve-chamber tube 9 a'nclwalve- 'm respectively: This" port to is principally required for light'blows and so itis made of very small capacity and is so'placed that it .is'only opened when the valve m; is'moved 'slightly as is the case for lightlblows If the valve-m is movedfarther to strike. a full blow the port w is closed again. In this way the strikingof light blows is .-enabledto be accomplished very easily"a n(1- conven; iently. The portw if kept open after the descent of the ram b" may be used to keep the ram b' p're'ssed down so asto' grip.

7 work upon the anvil; The space a? within the ram. Z) below theguide 6 may be infrea communication with the top I p of the cylinder was is indicated in-Fig; 9 which'shows a passage 5 formed in the piston c 'andram b to allow fluid to How between the spaces;-

and thetop is of the cylinder, but it is'zfound preferable to make it a separate chamber by making the guide a L11-Zlll-l)lgl1l3 liter-nearly an air-tight lit in the ram b,-so that t forms servesasa plunger. It is represented-as so made in all the figures-of thedra'wings eX- cepting l i'gn- 9. In addition apassage corh' inunicating with the port tii's' made to C0111? inunicate with a port 2 formed about-midway in the length of the guidee'and a Valve l to allow air to pass only in the direction from the port t to the port 2' is provided'in the passage 3 it the commencement of the downward stroke oi the. piston 0 air is tree to pass through the one-way valve 1 into the space but as the. piston 0 descends the port through which air enters the space a is closed hythe piston c.

spring-or cushion the strength of which is least when the hainmeris at the bottom' of its:

space m acting in conjunction with the con-.

After this the air in the chamber a; expands and L s-compressed again asthe ram 7) rises. It thus-acts as a.

stant pressure below the piston .c has'the e't' I feet of giving a graduated upward force.

' of the stroke and thus obviates the danger of the ram 7) hitting thecylinder-cover j. 'Ihe d stributing valve 7I'L'1S.S0l11b111105 modified so as to enable-specially heavy blows to be struck byusing the air non-ere pansively. fThls can be accomplished by making the valve m as shown in Figs. 3', t

and 5. In these figures the valve m isshown as adapted to be turned by. means of the y l u lever Q through whlch the valve-spindle is made ,to 'slide while being engaged there with by means of a key 3. In'on'e extreme position of. the lever2, ports -l formed in thevalve m correspond with the portse in the valve-tube q'so that-air may pass through them from the air-reservoir. g and in the other extreme position of the lever2the ports 4: are closed; When the valve mv is turned so as to leave thepo-rts i open, an is admitted to the' passage 8 of. the distributing valve m'during the whole of the stroke and thuseenable airiat the supply pressure to be admitted to the cylinder 'a during the whole stroke for the purpose of striking heavy blows or holding down. the hammer to grip the work upon the anvil. It will be clear {that inthis case the air will not be used so efficiently as when it is used expansively but it Wlll be convenlentin certain cases to be able to strike extra heavy-blows even at the extra cost.

The formation-of the' ram .7) hollow and of.

,, large diameter and the provision of the guide c within the rant?) enable the large bearing surfaces found advantageous in practice to be provided. and also when-requisite enable the hammer to be guided very accurately against twisting without involving any in convenient friction and in particularthe provision of the passage 3 in the cent *al guide a obviates the employment of aninconveniently tl'iick'piston but if it be desirable in any case to dispense with the central guide 0 this may be done or other modes of con'struc tion may be adopted without departure from the principles of this invention.-

The application of this invention to a hammer different from that described by way of example in the position of the eylnt der and piston or the like or in the use of a, piston made as a vane to turn backward and forward in the cylinder only involves corresponding changes in the positions of the orifices and ports and passages and valves employed.

lVhat we claim as our invention is 1. In a hammer woi ked by elastic fluid, the combination of a cylinder, a differential piston therein the smaller side of wh chis subjected continuouslyfio the pressure ot the motive fluid, a valve chamber in communication with the end of the cylinder in which the larger end surface of the piston is exposed, a portleading to the-said valve chamber and opening into the cylinder at a partoverrun'by the piston and a valve in said valve chamber which is uncontrolled by the motive fluid or hammer piston and is moved whollyiby and under the dirt-ictfcontrol and movement of the operator for each stroke to allow .more'or less or to prevent the passage of the motive fluid from the said valve chamber to the end; of the cy'linder where the larger end of the piston is ex posed whereby the operator is enabled to it valve-chamber, a second port which is made to communicate with the valve. chamber andjf with thecylinder'to lead motivoiiuid interniittentlyfrom the part of the-cylinder receiving motive fluid continuously, said port being so placedthat it is overrun by the piston to cut olt the supply of motive fluid to the valve chamber, a third port for leading motive fluid to and from the cylinder from the valve chamber-and to exhaust and a' dis tributing valve in said valve chamber which is uncontrolled-by the motive fluid or hammer piston and is moved wholly and under the direct control and movement of the vop'eratorjfor each stroke to allow more or less or to closecommunication rrom the second port to the third and from the third port to exhaust,- whereby'the operator isenabled to effect separate control of the time, 7

force and speed of each .blow of the hammer.

3.- A-hammer worked by'elastic fluid having a cylinder with means'vvhereby it may 'r-eceive motive fluid. at one part continuously,- a piston in said cylinder arranged to be continuously subject on one side to thepressure of themotive fluid and a ram connected ,to

such piston, a valve chamber, a port whichis in (3011'111'111111021t1011 with the valve chamber and with the cylinder for the supply of motive I fluid intermittently to such valve chamber from the part otthe cylinder receivin motive fluid continuously and is so placed that it is overrun by the piston to cut off the supply of motive fluid to the valve cl1a1nber, a distributing valve which isinovable 111 said valve chamber and 'un'dergthe direct manual control of the operator to open and close communication from the one to the other side of the said piston and from such,

other side to exhaust for regulating hammer blows, said valve being adapted to control? only the admission and; exhaust of motive 3 'ing a cylinder with' means whereby it may fluid at the other side of. the piston and -means for allowing motive fluid to flow to the distributing valve when desired Withoutfirst flowing through the cylinder.

&. A hammer worked b elastic-fluid 'hav-.

receive motive fluid at one part continuously,

a connection for the supply of motivefluid,'

' a piston in said cylinder arranged to he con- "tinuously subject onone side to the pressure of the motive fluid and a ram connected to such piston; a valvechaniber; a port which is v in communication withlthe valve chamber and with-the cylinder for the-supply of mo-v tive fluid intermittently'to such valve cham-.

her from the part of the cylinder receiving motive fluid continuously and'is so placed that it is overrun by the piston to cut off the supply ofmotive fluid tothe valve chamber, a. portinthe valve chamber having constant communication with the connection tor'the supply of -motive fluid, a" distributing valve movable lengthwise in said .valve chamber and under the direct manual control of the operator to open and close communication from the one to the-other side of the said piston and from such other side to-exhaust and also adapted munication with the port in the valve-chamto betur'ned iii-said valve chamber by the operator, a port in the distributing valve arranged to be turned into and out of comber having constant communication with the connection for the supply of motive fluid,

whereby the distributing valve being moved lengthwise in the valve chamber by the operator to open communication from the one side'oit the piston to the other side thereof brings about a hammer-stroke and the piston overrun-ning the said port placed to'be overrun thereby cuts off the supply of mo tive fluid to the distributing valve and causes.

the fluid already admitted to the cylinder to' work'expansively and by the, distributing:

valve being'turned in the 'saidvvalve chamber by the operator, motive fluid may be al lowed to flow when desired to the distributsure'of the motive fluid and a ram-connected ing valve from the connection for'the supply f the cylinder.' H v I I A'haminerworked by elastic fluid having acylinder with means whereby-it may receive motive fluid at onep'art continuously,

a connection torthe' supply of motive-fluid, a. piston in said CYlID dQIfi'HIIZtHgBCl to be continuouslysubjecton one side to the pres to such piston, a valve chamber, a port, which I is in communication with the valve chamber and with the cylinderfor the supply of mo tive'fluid intermittently to suChva'lve chamber from the part of th'e'cylinder receiving motive fluid continuoiist that it is overrun b the piston supply of} motive fluid to the v'al -such fluid without first flowing through said piston and from such other side toexhaust for causing blows to be struck and otherwise controlling the working. of the a distributing valve which is movable ill Said valvechamberto. open and close 001131111111 cation from the one to the other side of, the v hammer and is made to control only the admission and exhaust 'ot motive fluid at the.

said other side of the piston and a. smalhpert so placed as to open when-the valve 15 in p0 sition for striking a light blow and closed again byturther movement of the valve when a heavier blow is to be. struck and means for allowing motive fluid to flow to the-distributing valve when desired without first flowing through the cylinder, whereby the distributing valve being moved n said valve chamber by the operator to open comcylinder to work expansivelyand the dis chamber for causing a light blow opens the saidsmall port but closes it again If moved fartherfor a heavier blow to be struck.

tributing valve being moved in the valve".

6'. A hammer worked'by elastic fluid havmg. a cylinder with a port -t -or continuously admitting motive fluid to one partof such cylinderfa ditlerential piston in said cylinder, the smaller side" of whichissub ected COntinHOUsly t0 the pressure of the motives fluid and a ram connected to such piston and having an interior cavity and an internal guide fixed-inthe cylinder to enter the interior cavityoi": the ram and titted to the ram so that the pressure of fluid within the said cavity nay be increased as the ram is moved vin one direction a valve chamber in communication with the outlet the cylinder in; which the larger end snrtace ot the piston is exposed, a port-leading to the" said valve chamberand opening into the cylinder at; a.

part overru'n'by the piston and a valve'in said valve chamber which is uncoi'it'rolledbythe motivefluid or hammer piston andis' effect separatc control of the time, force and speed of each blow f the hammer .aiidithe rain is prevented ti'oin hitting the cyl ndcr cover. 4

T. A. hammer worked by elastic fluid hireii ing a cvlindc'r with a poi't't'or continuously admitting motive fluid to one part ot-silch .1 30

moved wholly by and under the dircct conef trol and movement oft-he operator for each stroke to allow more or less or to cut oil the passage of the motive fluid jtroin the said valve chamber to the end of the cylinder" avhere the larger end of the piston is ex posed, whereby the operator is enabled to fluid and a ram connected; to such piston and having aninterior cavity and-an internal guide fixed in the cylinder toenterthe interior cavity of the ramnnd fitted to the ram to prevent it from twisting and so that the pressure of the fluid within the sziid'cavity may be increasedas the ram-1s moved in one direction, a valve chamber in-commi'mica;

tion with; the end. of the cylinder in which the-larger end surface of the piston is exposed, a port leadin'g'to the said valve chamher 'and opening intolthe cylinder at a part. overrun by the piston and avalve in said valve chamber which isuncontr-olled by the motive fluid or hammerpiston and is moved wholly by and under the direct control and movement of the'op erator for each stroke to allow more or less or to cut oil the passage of motive fluid from the said valve chziniber to the end ofthe cylinder Where the larger end. of the piston is exposed \vherebythe operator is enabled to effect separate control of the time, force and speed of each blow of the hammer and the ram is prevented from twisting and from hitting the cylinder cover. In testimony, that We claim the foregoing asour invention, We havesigned ourv names in presence of tWo Witnesses, this first day of June 1910.

LEONARD FLETCHER MASSEY. WlLLIAlll HENRY SNOW Witnesses HOWARD CHEATHAM,

RUTH M. WILSON. 

